Secure Kernel

Entrypoint

The entrypoint of secure_kernel is +0x100.

First thing it does is disable irq. Then it zeroes the .bss segment 8 bytes at a time.

It sets up $sp to 0x808FF0, and $gp to 0x80F8A8. Then it sets dbg::TraceEnableFlag to *0xE005003C.

In the dump trace was enabled, and buf_ptr was 0x4002C160.

Then it sets up cfg:

    * Clears bit4 (EVM), this moves exception vectors to 0x00800000.
    * Sets bit3 (IVM), this enables interrupt table at 0x00800030.

Then it copies a jmp instruction to the reset-vector, unsure why.

Then it calls a function that sets up icache. If icache size is 0, function just returns without doing anything. It also bails if icache line width is < 2 or >= 5 (reserved values).

Then it calls a function at 0x400B0, which is an uncached code that does:

• Enable icache.
• ORs 0x400 into CFG (this is "reserved" according to datasheet!).

Then it calls a function that just iterates through an empty table of function pointers. C++ object initialization?

Then it calls main().

Then it calls a function that just iterates through an empty table of function pointers, again. C++ object dtors.

Finally goes into death-mode:

Writes a jump instruction to inf-loop to the reset-vector. This works because jmp instruction encoding contains an abs address.

Sets $lp = inf_sleep_loop.

Then it sets up args and jumps to a small stub at 0x008000E0. This small stub clears everything in cMeP memory in the region 0x00800100-0x8080FF0. Unknown why last 0x10 bytes are not cleared.

Teardown

eep::Teardown sets full protection on keyslots 0-0x7F, 0x100-0x17F, 0x200-0x217, 0x300-0x3FF.

Then it zero-programs and protects keyslots 0x400-0x47F, 0x500-0x57F, 0x600-0x607, 0x700-0x7FF.

Cmep states

 1 = Secure kernel boot value?
 2 = Secure kernel initiated
 3 = Secure kernel ready to load
 4 = SM loading
 5 = SM loaded
 6 = SM suspending
 7 = SM suspended
 8 = Soft rebooting. Set by syscall 1.
 9 = Shutdown requested. Triggered by ARM ?command? 0x101.
10 = Shutting down.

Debug prints

secure_kernel supports tracing to a buffer.

It is enabled by -7FF8h($gp) being non-zero. Out-buf address is stored in -7FF4($gp). It writes in a loop, 16 bytes at a time, inserting a null-terminator at buf[15] each "line".

After out-buf is written, it writes 0x20000 to 0xE0000000. This will either signal ARM or disable ARM communications. Then infinite loop. This is a panic function.

Print types

Addresses are xored with a stack cookie that is fixed for all functions.

SuspendEncrypt BadAddr:                        00000003
SWI 1 BadAddr:                                 00000004
SWI 1 UnreachableCode:                         00000006
SWI 7 UnreachableCode:                         00000007
Addrcheck IntegerOverflow Cmep:                0000000B
Addrcheck IntegerOverflow Kernel:              0000000B
Addrcheck IntegerOverflow Module:              0000000C
IRQ register func with irq enabled:            0000000E
Force exit dmac with irq enabled:              0000000F
Crypto irq enabled:                            00000010
Resuming suspendbuf with irq enabled:          00000012
Creating suspendbuf with irq enabled:          00000013
Reset:                                         00000014 <xored-exception-lr> <xored-exception-pc> <exception-lr>
RI:                                            00000015 <xored-exception-pc>
ZDIV:                                          00000016 <xored-exception-pc>
Trace:                                         00000017 <func-addr>
SWI 7:                                         00000018 <xored-r1>
DMAC when updating suspendbuf key:             00000019 <ret-val>
DMAC cmac bad enum:                            0000001A <enum-value>
Bad enum to suspend AES-CBC function:          0000001B <enum-value>
Generating new suspendbuf key failed:          0000001C
Creating suspendbuf w irq8 module-registered:  0000001D
Addrcheck IntegerOverflow Tz:                  0000001E
Addrcheck IntegerOverflow Tz2:                 0000001F
Bad ptr to suspend AES-CBC function:           00000020
IRQ register func w bad irq number:            00000022
Recieved unknown IRQ:                          00000023

Exceptions

SWI

When swi-handler is entered stack is set to 0x00807CC0. It stores context (all regs) on this stack. Then stack is set to 0x00807C40 from which it loads SPRs $tp, $gp, $sp. After SWI has been executed, it restores context from first stack.

in_r4 = Syscall number, starting with 1.

There are only 8 syscalls. Syscall numbers >= 8 are ignored by the handler and returns error 0x800F032C.

IRQ

When irq-handler is entered stack is set to 0x00807B40. Then it reads irq number from control bus space using the ldcb instruction. Irq number must be < 12, otherwise panic.

Then it sets up a special "user irq" context:

 sp = 0x0080B000
 tp = userctx.tp
 gp = userctx.gp 
 <rest same as kernel irq context>

And calls the function with r1=irq_id. The table is empty in the dump.

Above holds for all irqs except 8, which is special, see below.

Just before calling the callback, interrupts are enabled again. This leads to reentracy vulnerabilities.

IRQ8

IRQ8 is the 8th interrupt. This is the one triggered when ARM sends a request to cMeP using 0xE0000010. And secure_kernel has a handler for this one.

IRQ9

This interrupt is sent when ARM writes to sm cmd registers (0xE0000014 and maybe more?). It's handled inside every sm module.

Secure Kernel Commands

Handler starts with a switch statement that handles reset commands.

For a command 0x100401 0x10 is size of shared buffer that is used by cMeP handler, 0x4 is command ID, 0x1 is validity flag(?).

None of the following 5 commands are enabled/disabled depending on cmep-state. These are all unconditional.

0xB01

 Reset ScePervasiveResetReg +0x190 to enable re-writing the mask for the protected memory (keyring)
 Set mask to 0x10 for slots 0x20E and 0x20F (set in 0xE0070008)and trigger reset with 0 and 1 to device control 0xE0070000

0xC01

  Reads protected mem/keyring slot 0x50C.
  If lower 4 bits are nonzero:
    Reset ScePervasiveResetReg +0x190 to enable re-writing the mask for the protected memory (keyring)
    Set mask to 0x10 for slots 0x20E and 0x20F (set in 0xE0070008)and trigger reset with 0 (not 1 this time) to device control 0xE0070000

0xD01

  Reads protected mem/keyring slot 0x50C.
  If lower 4 bits are nonzero (external boot mode):
    Does same thing as 0xB01.

0xE01

 Does same thing as 0xB01.
 Then reads 3 times from ScePervasiveMisc (0xE3100000).
 It reads three times, if first read != 0x20, second != 0x30, third != 0x31 then it writes 6 to 0xE0070014.

0xF01: GetSKSO

This command was not existing on FW 1.05.

Temp name was GetEncryptedInfoBlk.

This command setups an encrypted SKSO then copies it to physical address 0x4001FF00.

typedef struct SceSKSOData_169 {
    char data_0x511[0x20]; // Comes from Bigmac keyslot 0x511
    char data_0x512[0x20]; // Comes from Bigmac keyslot 0x512
    char data_0x517[0x20]; // Comes from Bigmac keyslot 0x517
} SceSKSO_169;

typedef struct SceSKSOData_360 {
    char data_0x511[0x20]; // Comes from Bigmac keyslot 0x511
    char data_0x512[0x20]; // Comes from Bigmac keyslot 0x512
    char data_0x517[0x20]; // Comes from Bigmac keyslot 0x517
    char data_0x519[0x20]; // Comes from Bigmac keyslot 0x519
} SceSKSO_360;

typedef struct SceSKSOHeader {
    SceInt32 magic; // Magic (0xACB4ACB1 = -0x534B534F -> "SKSO")
    SceInt32 unk_one; // Always 1
    SceUInt32 random; // Pseudo random number (read from 0xE005003C)
    SceInt32 zero_or_padding; // Always 0
} SceSKSOHeader;

typedef struct SceSKSO_169 {
    SceSKSOHeader header;
    SceSKSOData_169 data;
    char cmac_hash[0x10]; // AES256CMAC hash using keyslot 0x514 as key
} SceSKSO_169;

typedef struct SceSKSO_360 {
    SceSKSOHeader header;
    SceSKSOData_360 data;
    char cmac_hash[0x10]; // AES256CMAC hash using keyslot 0x514 as key
} SceSKSO_360;

This command does:

• It generates SKSO header.
• It generates SKSO data by reading keyslots 0x511, 0x512, 0x517 (and 0x519 on newer FWs).
• It appends a AES256CMAC hash of header+data using keyslot 0x514 as key.
• It AES-128-CBC encrypts a block of size 0xA0 with key coming from keyslot 0x515, and hardcoded IV from .data.
• It memcpys the encrypted SKSO to physical address 0x4001FF00.
• It writes (u32)1, followed by zeroes, to Bigmac keyslot 0x516. That's a sort of status.

After processing, -1 is written to physical address 0xE0000010. Then comes the real switch. This one gives different func-ptrs. But before func-ptr is called there's a check in a table-lookup based on cmep-state. So not all cmds are allowed in all states. If not allowed error 0x8029 is sent.

Then it reads lower u16 of cMeP mailbox. If all zeroes then it returns 0x802D. Then it reads lower u16 and now wants it to be 0, if not it returns 0x802D.

After this it finally calls the funcptr for cmdhandler. For unknown cmdid it returns 0x802A.

The allowed commands are as follows:

  State: 0   Allowed: 0
  State: 1   Allowed: 0
  State: 2   Allowed: 2
  State: 3   Allowed: 78E
  State: 4   Allowed: 2
  State: 5   Allowed: 72
  State: 6   Allowed: 42
  State: 7   Allowed: 2
  State: 8   Allowed: 2
  State: 9   Allowed: 0
  State: 10  Allowed: 0

todo: Decode these.

0x101: ArmPanic

 Sets cmep-state to 9.
 This will later cause main() to return, triggering memclr + infloop.

 Then it writes 0xF to control bus addr 0.
 Control bus addr 0 is interrupt controller, but bits don't match architecture doc.
 Corrupt code?
 Followed by 3 NOPs. Wat.

0x500201: LoadModule

 Reads 0x50 bytes from ArmBuffer into buf.
 If *(buf+4) and *(buf+8) are not aligned to 4 it fails.
 Then it TZ-checks addr *(buf+4) size 4.
 Then it TZ-checks addr *(buf+4) size 8.
 If any of these 3 checks fail, return code is 0x8016 or panic.

 Then it sets cmep-state to 4.

 memcpy(sp+0x68, buf+0x30, 0x20);
 *(sp+0x58)  = *(buf+0x28)
 *(sp+0x5C)  = *(buf+0x2C)
 *(sp+0x178) = *(buf+0x24)
 *(sp+0x54)  = *(buf+0x20)

 Then it calls the big function to load the SM with args (sp, sp+0x50).
 If it fails then either panics or returns 0x800000FF.

 It saves the address for "0x40-buf", without checking it to be in Tz.
 This is okay because they check before writing to it.

 Then it gets the address for the "shared buf", and loads arg0-arg3 from this ptr.

 Then it sets epc to 0x0080B000, sp to 0, gp to 0.
 And uses reti to jump to it.

0x100301: RestoreModule

  Reads 0x10 bytes from shared buf.
  Checks alignment on stuff also.
  TZ-check on *(buf+4) size 4, *(buf+8) size 8, *(buf+12) size 0x18. On fail sends 0x8016.
  After that it sets state to 4.

  Then it calls the big restore function.

  If it fails it sends zeroes module region, sends reply 0x8024, sets state to 3, and sends 0x102.
  If success, it sets the "0x40-buf" to *(buf+8), sets state to 5, and sends back 0x103.

---

It checks the suspendbuf-state already in cMeP memory. Checks magic, version, and size. On fail 0x800F0324. Then it uses the easter value to get the key into keyslot 0x22 and 0x33 somehow. Called function does this.

Then it calculates CMAC of the header that is already in cMeP memory into a buffer on stack.

Then it calls a corrupted function that probably is this:

   SuspendBufReadPalist(
       dst=suspendContextBuf, size=0x140, skip=0x40, shared_buf, sp0=4, sp4=&some_stack_buf)

Then it continues the CMAC calculation on both contexts just read from ARM.

Then it calls a corrupted function that probably is this:

   SuspendBufReadPalist(
       dst=module_base, size=module_size+0x1C0, skip=0x180, shared_buf, sp0=4, sp4=&some_stack_buf)

Note that size here is read by the cMeP header before the ARM one is copied in. So we can't modify it in this call unfortunately.

Then it continues the CMAC calculation on the module just read.

Then it calls the update keyslots 0x22 and 0x23 function. This is to prevent next suspendbuf from having the same key?

After that it does a timing-safe memcmp loop to verify the CMAC on stack against the header. Returns 0x800F0324 on CMAC cmpfail.

If hash checks out, it memcopies the contexts to whereever they were saved from. It loads all func-ptrs for IRQ listeners that were saved. It resets the cMeP io-state that was saved. It sets cMeP irq mask, but it makes sure to first mask away non-allowed ones.

Then it calls a function that calls the easteregg function. Probably to generate a new key.

0x100401: RequestModuleSuspend

 Reads 0x10 bytes from shared buf.
 Verifies alignment on *(buf+4), *(buf+8), *(buf+12).
 Verifies the following tz-ptrs:
   *(buf+8) size 4
   *(buf+4) size 8
   *(buf+12) size 0x18
 If bad it returns 8016.

 Sets cMeP-state to 6.
 If sm is not ready for suspend, it saves the buf in .bss.
 Also sets the flag that suspend has been requested then returns.

 If sm is ready to suspend, it calls the suspend function.

Context structure:

This is used in suspend buffer at offsets +0x40 and +0xA0.

0x0:  udef $1   $2   $3
0x10: $4   $5   $6   $7
0x20: $8   $9   $10  $11
0x30: $12  $tp  $gp  $sp
0x40: $lp  $sar $rpb $rpe
0x50: $rpc $hi  $lo  $epc

First word +0 is not used.

The special "$tmp" register is not context-saved. So this could be attacked if there is SM code that is using it.

CreateSuspendBuf

Input:

 r1: shared_buf_contents
 r2: 0=is_arm_cmd, 1=is_syscall

It calculates the size of suspend buf as follows:

  module_region_size + 0x1C0

Then it calls an easteregg function? Then it memsets a buffer size 0x10 to zeroes. Then it checks and panics if irq enabled.

Then it writes the following to a struct in .data:

    +0 = 0x534D4300 "SMC." (Magic)
    +4 = 1          (Version?)
    +8 = <return-of-easteregg-function>
    +12 = total_size

Then, depending on r2, it copies 0x60 from the irq8/swi saved-user-context to:

   +0x40

Then it copies the non-8-irq saved-user-context to:

   +0xA0

Then it writes the user irq handlers to suspend-buf:

   +0x100 = irq_1_func
   +0x104 = irq_2_func
   +0x108 = irq_3_func
   +0x10C = irq_4_func
   +0x110 = irq_5_func
   +0x114 = irq_6_func
   +0x118 = irq_9_func
   +0x11C = irq_10_func
   +0x120 = irq_11_func

Then it writes (cMeP io state):

   +0x124 = *0xE0000004
   +0x128 = *0xE0000008
   +0x128 = *0xE000000C (Bug in sony code, this should be 0x12C!)
   +0x130 = *0xE0000014
   +0x134 = *0xE0000018
   +0x138 = *0xE000001C

Then it memsets:

   +0x140 size 0x40 = zeroes

Then it copies the following to a ARM shared buf ptr:

   *(*(buf+12)   ) = *(suspend_buf+0x130);
   *(*(buf+12)+ 4) = *(suspend_buf+0x134);
   *(*(buf+12)+ 8) = *(suspend_buf+0x138);
   *(*(buf+12)+12) = *(suspend_buf+0x124);
   *(*(buf+12)+16) = *(suspend_buf+0x128);
   *(*(buf+12)+16) = *(suspend_buf+0x12C);

Without verifying ptr, but ptr was verified in cmdhandler!

Then it gets the MeP irq-mask and stores it at:

    +0x13C = mep_irq_mask

Then it panics if module has irq8 registered, but this cannot happen.

Then it calls SuspendBufWritePalist to copy the plaintext header:

   SuspendBufWritePalist(
       src=suspend_buf, size=0x40, skip=0, shared_buf, sp0=1, sp4=0)

Then it starts calculating a AES-CMAC over this header:

   dmacAesCmacKeyslot23(
       dst=suspend_buf+0x180, src=suspend_buf+0, size=0x40, 1/*start*/)

Then it calls SuspendBufWritePalist again to copy the first encrypted part:

   SuspendBufWritePalist(
       src=suspend_buf+0x40, size=0x140, skip=40, shared_buf, sp0=3, sp4=&some_stack_buf)

Then it sets up args for another CMAC call but corrupted instruction?

   dmacAesCmacKeyslot23(
       dst=suspend_buf+0x180, src=suspend_buf+0, size=0x140, 2/*update*/)

Then it finally writes the encrypted module:

   SuspendBufWritePalist(
       src=module_base, size=module_size, skip=0x180, shared_buf, sp0=3, sp4=&some_stack_buf)

Then another corrupted instruction ruins things.. :(

   dmacAesCmacKeyslot23(
       dst=suspend_buf+0x180, src=module_base, size=module_size, 3/*final*/)

Then it writes the CMAC on the end:

   SuspendBufWritePalist(
       src=suspend_buf+0x180, size=0x40, skip=module_size+0x180, shared_buf, sp0=3, sp4=&some_stack_buf)

Encryption is done using DMAC channel 0, and CMAC is using channel 1.

Then it uses an Dmac feature to overwrite the keyslots 0x22 and 0x23 with output from itself. It uses AES-ECB to crypt a key in .data with key from keyslot 0x347.

SuspendBufWritePalist

r1=src r2=size r3=skip_offset r4=shared_buf_ptr sp0: 0=plaintext, 1=plaintext, 2=encrypt, 3=decrypt, 4=? sp4=?

It panics if shared_buf_ptr is NULL. Then it loops through pa-list and writes, each entry is checked to be within Tz region. If it is outside, then panic with value 3.

For pseudocode see below:

u32 size = r2;
u32 left = r3;
u32 switch_id = sp0;

for(i=0; i<num_pa; i++) {
  pa_t pa;
  read_pa(&pa, pa_list[i]);

  // <checks tz region on pa>

  u32 out = pa->addr;
  u32 sz  = pa->size;

  if (skip != 0) {
    if (pa->size < skip) {
      skip -= pa->size;
      continue;
    }

    out += skip;
    sz  -= skip;
  }

  sz = MAX(sz, left); // only write at most how much we have left
  switch(switch_id) {
  case 0:
    dmacSetup(0,dst,src,buf,0,0,0,1);
    break;
  case 1:
    dmacSetup(0,dst,src,buf,0,0,0,1);
    break;
  case 2: // start decrypt
    dmacSetup(0,dst,src,buf,0x22,*sp4,0x10A,1);
    break;
  case 3: // start encrypt
    if (sp4 == shared_buf_ptr) panic("%08x\n", 0x20);
    dmacSetup(0,dst,src,buf,0x22,*sp4,0x109,1);
    break;
  case 4: // hash? dmac function 0x13B
    // todo
  default: panic("%08x %08x\n", 0x1B, switch_id);
  }

  if (dmacWaitForFinish(0)) {
     panic("%08x %08x\n", 0x19, err_code);
  }

  left -= sz;
  src  += sz;
}

Note:

• It only checked the palist ptr for size=8 in the cmdhandler.
• Thus it can read outside Tz region for rest of palist.

0x501: SubscribeSuspendAsyncEvent

 Sets cmep-state to 6.
 If sm is ready to be suspended, sends 0x108 and move into state 7.

0x601: ForceExitModule

 Sets cmep-state to 6.
 Then it calls a function that:
    * Calls a function that appears to stop DMAC.
    * Zeroes the module region.
    * Flushes cache.
    * Writes some unknown DMAC registers.
    * Does a soft-reset.

0x80901: SetTraceBuffer

 Shared buf:
   +0: Addr
   +4: Size

 Checks that region is valid TZ, then sets them in the state.
 On bad addr, it sends error 0x8016, otherwise it sends 1.
 It also prints "rev %s\n" with "5679", however that only happens for some OTP configs.

0x80A01: SetRevocationList

 Reads 8 bytes from "shared buf".
 Calls the function to set the revocation list.
 If that function returns error x, the error that gets sent back is x&0xFF.
 On success, 1 is sent back.

Syscalls

Sm modules use these syscalls via SWI.

1: Unload

  Sets cmep-state to 8.
  Writes r1 to "the shared2-buf".
  Sends msg 1 to ARM.

  Then it uses dmac with operation 0xC to memset entire module region to 0,
  Finally it jumps to secure_kernel entrypoint, triggering a soft reboot.

2: ReadyToSuspend

  This just writes 1 to a state-field and returns 1,
  or returns 0x800F0329 if it is already non-zero.

  This flag tells kernel whether or not module is ready to be suspended.

3: SuspendSelfIfRequested

  Returns 0x800F0329 if SuspendReady wasn't called prior to this.
  It checks a flag if 0x501 cmd has subscribed to the event.
  Then it will send msg 0x108 to ARM and goes into cmep-state 7.

  Regardless of that flag it also checks whether or not ARM has requested suspend.
  If so then it calls the suspend function.
  Otherwise it just returns 1.

4: RegisterIrqHandler

  r1 = irq-number
  r2 = func-ptr (or NULL to deregister)
  r3 = old-func-ptr-out (or NULL to ignore)

  Checks that r1 is < 12, and it also checks it against a mask of allowed sm IRQs:
    if (r1*2) & 0xE7E == 0: fail
  On either failure returns 0x800F0316.
  Checks that r2 is inside the module range or NULL, returns 0x800F030E on fail.
  Checks that r3 is inside the module range or NULL, returns 0x800F030E on fail.
  Returns 0x800F0316 if r2 not aligned to 2, or if (r3 & 2) != 0.

  Calls a function to get current function ptr in the irq-table entry for irq-number r1.
  Then it calls a function to register irq listener.

  This function does the following:
     Check addr, check irq number, panic on fail.
     Write r2 to IRQ func-ptr table.
     It reads the MeP interrupt mask register from control bus.
     Then depending on r2 was NULL or not, it sets n:th bit in the mask, where n is the IRQ number.
     Then it writes it back to MeP to enable the interrupt.

  Then it will write the old-func-ptr (before was overwritten) to r3, if r3 not set to NULL.

5: TracePrintf

  This just printfs with "%s" to the emit buffer, and returns 1.

6: CheckRvkList

  If r1 or r2 is 0 it returns 0x800F0B16.
  Then it checks that r1 size 0x130 is in module region.
  And that r2 size 0x80 also, same error.

  It returns 0x800F0326 if no rvk list has been initialized.
  After that it returns result of the revocation checking function
  (same as used for sm normally).

7: UnloadPanic

  This one trace-printfs.
  Then it sets cmep-state to 8.
  Then it writes 0x800F033B to the "0x40 buffer".
  Then corrupted insn?
  Then it zeroes the module region and soft-reboots.

8: IsDevelopmentMode

  Reads DIPSW from Bigmac keyslot 0x510 and returns true if the Development Mode flag is on.

Misc func doc

SuspendModule

Sends arm message 0x107.

Force-exits DMAC.

Then calls the CreateSuspendBuf function.

Regardless of result, it then jumps to ForceExitModule.

LoadModule

If either num_paddrs and paddr_list is NULL, return error 0x8016. Then it copies rsa pubkey + exponent to stack bufs.

if ((partition_id & 0x1l000) == 0)
    *0xE0050104 = 3;

...

Ends up calling SceDecrypt.

SceDecrypt

r1=out, ptr to {buffer = module end region - 0x800, size = 0x800}
r2=set_keys callback func
r3=keys, ptr to { void *aes_key, void *rsa_pubkey_and_exp, void *maybe_pubkey_type }
r4=0
sp0=sce_type (distinguishes rvk from self)
sp4=read_buffer callback func
sp8=paddr_list
spC=meta_off
sp10=u64* max_header_len

• Error 0x800F0000 if bad magic 'SCE\0'.
• Error 0x800F0000 if *(sce+4) != 3. (version)
• Error 0x800F0000 if not *(u8*)(sce+8) & 0x40. (sdk_type)
• Error 0x800F0624 if (*(u8*)(sce+8) & 0x80) && r4 > 0. (sdk_type)
• Error 0x800F0624 if *(u16*)(sce+10) != sce_type. (header_type)
• Error 0x800F0624 if *(sce+12) not aligned to 16. (metadata_offset)
• Error 0x800F0624 if (meta_off >= 0) && *(sce+12) != meta_off. (metadata_offset)
• Error 0x800F0624 if (*max_header_len < 0x8000000000000000) && *(u64 *)(sce+16) != *max_header_len) (header_len)

end_offset  = *(sce+12); (metadata_offset)
end_offset += 0x90;

• Error 0x800F0624 on overflow or end_offset < out.size.
• Error 0x800F0624 if *(u64 *)(sce+16) (header_size) not aligned to 16 or > 0xffffffff.
• Error 0x800F0624 if *(u32 *)(sce+16) < end_offset.
• Error 0x800F0624 if out.size < *(u32 *)(sce+16).
• Error 0x800F0624 if *(u64 *)(sce+40) != 0

Next it decrypts the metadata info at metadata_offset+0x30 for size 0x40. This contains the keys to decrypt the encrypted metadata headers. header_size - (metadata_offset + 0x30 + 0x40) is decrypted with the key in metadata info.

if (*(u8 *)(sce + 8) < 0) return 0x800F0625; // sdk_type
struct {
 u64 signatureInputLength;
 u32 sigAlgorithm;
 u32 sectionCount;
 u32 keyCount;
 u32 optHeaderSize;
 u32 unknown06;
 u32 unknown07;
} *metadata_hdr = GetMetadataHeader(sce);
if (metadata_hdr == NULL) return 0x800F0616;
if (metadata_hdr->sigAlgorithm != exp_alg) return 0x800F0616;
if (InitPKA() != 0) return 0x800F0616;
if (metadata_hdr->signatureInputLength == 0) return 0x800F0624;
if ((metadata_hdr->signatureInputLength & 0xF) != 0) return 0x800F0624;
if ((metadata_hdr->optHeaderSize & 0xF) != 0) return 0x800F0624;
if (metadata_hdr->unknown06 || metadata_hdr->unknown07) return 0x800F0624;

Finally it loops through each decrypted metadata section header and checks the validity of the fields (key usage, compression, etc).

crypto::DoAes

Firmware	Address
1.69	0x8048D6

This function performs AES operations.

• arg1: always 1 (iv size?)
• arg2: func_spec: 0 or 1
• arg3: key_type: first 0, then 2 then 0. (could be keysize: 0 = 128, 2 = 256)
• arg4: dst: destination buffer
• arg5: src: source buffer
• arg6: size: size of source/destination
• arg7: pkey_or_pslot: pointer to key or slot to use
• arg8: iv: pointer to initialization vector
• arg9: out_iv, if NULL, iv is modified in-place

It always runs AES operation on bigmac channel 0.

dmac::Operation

Firmware	Address
1.69	0x8061CE

This function does the crypto.

• arg1: dst
• arg2: src
• arg3: size
• arg4: pkey_or_pslot
• arg5: iv
• arg6: UNKNOWN
• arg7: iv_size_words
• arg8: key_size_words
• arg9: pointer to dmac_setup_t structure

Returns 0x8000F016 if src/dst/padding is not aligned to 4.

It uses bigmac to perform crypto operation. It overwrites IV in-place.

struct dmac_setup_t {
  int channel; // dmac channel: 0 or 1
  int func;    // base function specifier
};

main()

Interrupts are disabled when this is called. First thing it writes 0x2000F to 0xE0020000. Probably sets up the device.

It checks the cmep-state, and if it's 1 (cold boot?), it writes:

  * Writes 0xFFFFFFFF to 0xE0000010.
  * Calls a big function that initializes 0xE0030000.
  * Sends ARM-message 0x101.
  * Sets cmep-state to 2.
  * Waits for ARM to send address for shared buffer and writes it to a state.
  * Writes 0xFFFFFFFF to the ARM mailbox.
  * If the big function above failed it:
    Sends msg 0x802F to ARM
    Calls a function that deinitializes 0xE0030000.
    Returns from main(), triggering cMeP memclear + hang.

Then it calls the following function regardless of state:

 if *E0020004 & 0xFFFFFFEF != 0: return 0x800F032F
 if *E0010004 != 0x80000005:     return 0x800F032F
 if *E0062020 & 0xFFFFFFF4 != 0: return 0x800F032F

 This function detects downgrades!
 if 0x1692000 != read_fw_version(): return 0x800F0337;
 return 1;

If this function fails, it does same thing as when the other fails.

Then it calls a function that initializes MeP IRQ controler. Then it calls a function that enables "software interrupt 3", dafuk is this.

Then it sets cmep-state to 3. Then it sends msg 0x102 to ARM.

Then it calls a function to save the kernel context to an address. This context is later loaded when processing SWI and IRQs.

Enable interrupts.

After that comes the main sleep-loop.

When main-loop exits (when state is 9) it sends ARM message 0x106. It also does the common error-path code described above.

Main always returns 0 but it's ignored so who cares.

CheckAddrRange(addr, size, dbg_code, check_funcptr)

Firmware	Address
1.69	0x801E36

On integer overflow of (addr+size-1) it panics with dbg_code. Returns 1 on success, 0 on failure.

This has a fatal bug, because it calls the check looks like this:

 if (check_funcptr(addr) || check_funcptr(addr+size-1))

Where in fact it should be:

 if (check_funcptr(addr) && check_funcptr(addr+size-1))

Range checks

  ArmTz:   if (x >= 0x40000000 || x < 0x40300000) return 1;
           return 0;

  ArmUser: cut = *0xE0062260;
           if (addr < 0x40300000) return 0;
           end = 0x40000000 + cut;
           if (addr < cut) return 1; // Overflow: why allow it?
           if (addr < end) return 1;
           return 0;

  Kernel:
           if (addr < 0x00800000) return 0;
           return addr < 0x0080A000;
  Module:
           if (addr < 0x0080A000) return 0;
           return addr < (0x0080A000+0x00016000)
  Cmep:
           if (addr < 0x00800000) return 0;
           return addr < 0x00820000

swi_handler

Firmware	Address
3.60	0x800e28

self_header_auth

Firmware	Address
3.60	0x803586

self_rvk_check

Firmware	Address
3.60	0x80594e

Changelog

Diff FW 1.692 vs. FW 1.05

Stack cookies were not enabled.

Debug vector was initially a "reti" instruction, was later replaced with infloop.

sm::Suspend didn't wait for ongoing dmac operations to finish.
They fixed this bug.

sm::Load:
  An additional check added:
      ret = sub_803E8C(r6);
      if ret != 0:
          return ret;

  Now clears the 0x800 buffer using dmac-memset on some error cases.

dbg::Panic:
  Used a static buf in .bss instead of stack (for the snprintf()).
  Did not disable interrupts.

keyslots::Init
  Changed a lot. todo: Investigate later.

suspend::Aes128CbcEncDec:
  Code to "panic with 00000020 if shared_buf == NULL" was not there.

Cmd 0xF01 did not exist.

All cMeP commands that read from the shared region uses a buf in .bss instead of stack.
  This allowed a race condition where you could request a suspend using command 0x401.
  Then just before the sm calls syscall 3 you send another cMeP command to overwrite the sharedbuf.
  This will call sm::Suspend on a buffer that's not properly checked.

A range-check on irq-id was missing from irq::SetIrqFuncTableAndEnableIrq.
  Harmless?

dbg::EmitStr:
  Code was added to prevent it for ending up in an infinite recursion if stack cookie gets corrupted.

The cmep_cmd::AllowedCmdInStateTable was unchanged.

Diff FW 1.692 vs. FW 1.60

.bss size grew from 0x478 bytes to 0x480.

A small function was added that clears bit 1 and 10 in $cfg.
Rev changed from 5209->5679

cmep_cmd::Parse changed:
  Stackframe grew 0x20 bytes.
  The function that that changed appears to be 0x501.

GetFirmwareVersion returns 0x16920000 instead of 0x16000000 (duh!).

keyslots::Init changed:
  Some bitmask in was changed from 0x3FFFDF to 0xFFFFDF.
  Branch was removed here that used to set Bigmac keyslot 0x516 to all zeroes.
  The function was also extended a lot.

  Idea: Does this possibly protect additional keyslots stuff?
  However otp::Teardown looks identical.

sm::Load changed:
  Stackframe increased from 0x1E0 to 0x220.
  However function didn't change at all.
  So they just increased size of a buffer by 0x40.

A function called by a function called by sm::Load changed:
  Stackframe increased from 0x70->0x78.
  This adds a new call to a function at the bottom.

sub_80468E->sub_8046E4 called indirectly by sm::Load changed:
  This one now writes 0x80 instead of 0x40 to a local variable.
  This is probably for the expanded buffer in sm::Load.
  Also been extended with some calls to memcpy and memset.

New function added sub_804B7A, called by rvk::CheckSm.
This is a timing-safe memcmp with hardcoded len=16.

rvk::CheckSm changed:
  Stackframe increased from 0x30 to 0x38.

Two new functions were added that are called by rvk::CheckSm:
  sub_805062
  sub_80508E

sub_805BEA -> sub_805DB2:
  Stackframe reduced 0x18->0x10.
  The function before called same function 3 times in a row, now only 2.

sub_805C4E -> sub_805DB2:
  Call to unknown function was removed. r3 to this function was 0x111.

sub_805DF8 added.
sub_805C4E removed.

Many small functions removed:
  sub_805EC4
  sub_805ECA
  sub_805EE4
  sub_805EFE
  ...

sub_80631C removed.
sub_806EFE removed.
sub_9068D2 removed.
sub_8069E2 removed.
sub_806A16 removed.

Then some code to talk to 0xE004???? was removed.

Diff of various FWs

Base is previous FW version.

FW version	What changed compared to previous FW version
3.36	unknown
3.50	Stack base changed. (see func, 3.36-3.50:0x80030a) Added new functions. (see func, 3.50:[0x805310, 0x80541e, 0x80542a, 0x80543a, 0x805448, 0x805456, 0x805466, 0x80548c]) Function changed. (see func, 3.36:0x80560e/3.50:0x80594e) Function changed. (see func, 3.36:0x807012?/3.50:0x806ef6) Some strings are aligned by 4.