Updater

Various components in user, kernel, and secure kernel work together to update the system. All the relevant libraries are documented in this one page because they work close together.

SceCuiSetUpper

Module

This is a user application that is found inside the update PUP. It has not been seen used outside of development units but is included in retail updates. It does not change often between firmware updater versions.

Known NIDs

Version	Name	World	Privilege	NID
2.12	SceCuiSetUpper	Non-secure	User (vsh)	0x8802DAE9

Library

This module does not export any libraries.

ScePsp2Swu

Module

This is a user application that is found inside the update PUP.

Known NIDs

Version	Name	World	Privilege	NID
1.69	ScePsp2Swu	Non-secure	User (vsh)	0xF8D9C101

Library

This module does not export any libraries.

SceSblUpdateMgr

Module

This module exists only in the non-secure kernel. The non-secure world SELF can be found in bootfs:update_mgr.skprx.

Known NIDs

Version	Name	World	Privilege	NID
1.69	SceSblUpdateMgr	Non-secure	Kernel	0xBA91FE90
3.60	SceSblUpdateMgr	Non-secure	Kernel	0x528F6BF5

Libraries

This module exports libraries to both kernel and user.

Known NIDs

Version	Name	World	Visibility	NID
1.69	SceSblUpdateMgrForKernel	Non-secure	Kernel	0xC4466E48
1.69	SceSblUpdateMgrForDriver	Non-secure	Kernel	0x0E04CD3D
1.69-3.60	SceSblSsUpdateMgr	Non-secure	User	0x31406C49

sceSblSsUpdateMgrGetBootMode

Version	NID
3.60	0x8E834565

sceSblSsUpdateMgrSetBootMode

Version	NID
3.60	0xC725E3F0

sceSblSsUpdateMgrSendCommand

Version	NID
3.60	0x1825D954

sceSblSsUpdateMgrVerifyPup

Version	NID
3.60	0x6F5EDBF4

sceSblSsUpdateMgrVerifyPupAdditionalSign

Version	NID
3.60	0xB19366CB

sceSblSsUpdateMgrVerifyPupHeader

Version	NID
3.60	0x9BE17A06

sceSblSsUpdateMgrVerifyPupSegment

Version	NID
3.60	0xD47FD33E

sceSblSsUpdateMgrVerifyPupWatermark

Version	NID
3.60	0xC6CDEB8D

Update Process

The Vita updater is composed of various parts.

Initiator

The first part is the initiator of the update. The responsibility of the initiator is to copy the update file (PSP2UPDAT.PUP) to the ud0 partition and extract psp2swu.self from the update file to ud0:PSP2UPDATE/psp2swu.self. Then it signals the syscon to start in update mode, where psp2swu.self is loaded instead of the usual shell.

The initiator that most people use is likely the update option in SceSettings. Another is the update option in SceSafeMode. Another option is SceCuiSetUpper, which is extracted from the update PUP. SceCuiSetUpper is likely used in development units as it can load the update data from host0, which only exists on development units. This file, however, can be found in retail update packages. SceCuiSetUpper also sets a flag to start updater in CUI mode.

ScePsp2Swu

Once the system restarts into update mode, the updater runs. Normally, it runs in GUI mode which is the green screen with the progress bar. If a flag is set by the initiator, the updater will run in CUI mode, which is a text interface that provides more verbose information about the update process.

The updater first makes calls to SceSblSsUpdateMgr to verify the PUP header. For more information, check out PUP. Next, the updater will spawn a thread that calls into the kernel to decrypt, verify, and flash each package file according to the information found in the package header. For more information, check out PUP#Packages.

SceSblSsUpdateMgr

This is a kernel module that actually does the work and performs the update. It verifies the PUP headers as well as the package headers and then flashes the decrypted images directly to the eMMC with block writes.

Update Package Decryption

The following code snippet will decrypt and update a directory of package files on 1.69 (the kernel functions called are specific to 1.69 NIDs). It is an attempted reproduction of the main code in ScePsp2Swu. The requirements are that you patch the application to be running in Vsh context (or specifically patch the Authority ID to allow access to the kernel update functions). You also need an ability to read and write to the kernel from within your application. Finally, the updater will always attempt to flash the decrypted contents. If the flash failed because of model checks or whatever, it will return an error but the data will still be successfully decrypted and outputted. If it succeeds, note that you have now updated your PSVita.

int start_decryption1(int code1, unsigned char *buf, int buflen, int code2, int *phandle) {
    int argst[11];
    int res;
    
    memset(argst, 0, 0x2C);
    argst[0]=0x2C;
    argst[1]=code1;
    argst[2]=(int)buf;
    argst[3]=buflen;
    argst[4]=code2;
    sceClibPrintf("Calling type 1 decryption with code1 = 0x%x  buf = 0x%x buflen = 0x%x code2 = 0x%x \n", code1, (int)buf, buflen, code2);
    res=callKernelFunction(SceSblSsUpdateMgr_0x6E8DDAC4, code1, argst, phandle, 0);
    return res;
}

int start_decryption2(int code1, unsigned char *buf, int buflen, int code2, int *phandle) {
    int argst[11];
    int res;
    
    memset(argst, 0, 0x2C);
    argst[0]=0x2C;
    argst[1]=code1;
    argst[2]=(int)buf;
    argst[3]=buflen;
    argst[4]=code2;
    sceClibPrintf("Calling type 2 decryption with code1 = 0x%x  buf = 0x%x buflen = 0x%x code2 = 0x%x\n", code1, (int)buf, buflen, code2);
    res=callKernelFunction(SceSblSsUpdateMgr_0x1A39F6EE, code1, argst, phandle, 0);
    return res;
}

int start_decryption3(int code1, unsigned char *buf, int buflen, int code2, int *phandle) {
    int argst[11];
    int res;
    
    memset(argst, 0, 0x2C);
    argst[0]=0x2C;
    argst[1]=code1;
    argst[2]=(int)buf;
    argst[3]=buflen;
    argst[4]=code2;
    sceClibPrintf("Calling type 3 decryption with code1 = 0x%x  buf = 0x%x buflen = 0x%x code2 = 0x%x\n", code1, (int)buf, buflen, code2);
    res=callKernelFunction(SceSblSsUpdateMgr_0xC1792A1C, code1, argst, phandle, 0);
    return res;
}

int check_decryption_status(int code, int handle, int *out1, int *out2, int *out3, int *out4) {
    int argst[11];
    int res;    
    
    memset(argst, 0, 0x2C);
    argst[0]=0x2C;
    argst[7]=(int)out1;
    argst[8]=(int)out2;
    argst[9]=(int)out3;
    argst[10]=(int)out4;    
    sceClibPrintf("Calling status with code = 0x%x handle = 0x%x\n", code, handle);
    res=callKernelFunction(SceSblSsUpdateMgr_0xF403143E, code, handle, argst, 0);
    return res;
}

int get_final_size(unsigned char *buf) {
    int *poffs;
    int *psize;
    poffs = (int *) (buf+0x10);
    psize = (int *) (buf+(*poffs)+0x20);
    return *psize;
}

int get_type(unsigned char *buf) {
    int *poffs;
    int *psize;
    if ( *(int *)buf == 0x00454353 ) // "SCE\0"
    {
        poffs = (int *) (buf+0x10);
        psize = (int *) (buf+(*poffs)+4);
        return *psize;
    }
    else
    {
        return -1;
    }
}

unsigned char *get_data_offset(unsigned char *buf) {
    int *poffs;
    poffs = (int *) (buf+0x10);
    return (buf+(*poffs)+0x80);
}

int complete_decryption(int code, int handle, unsigned char *buf, int maxlen) {
    int argst[11];
    int res;    
    unsigned char *payload;
    int size;
    
    memset(argst, 0, 0x2C);
    argst[0]=0x2C;
    argst[1]=code;
    argst[5]=(int)buf;
    argst[6]=maxlen;
    sceClibPrintf("Calling complete decryption with code = 0x%x handle = 0x%x buf = 0x%x maxlen = 0x%x\n", code, handle, (int)buf, maxlen);
    res=callKernelFunction(SceSblSsUpdateMgr_0x4897AD56, code, handle, argst, 0);
    return res;
}
        
int do_decrypt_file(const char *inpath, const char *outpath, const char *errpath, unsigned int size)
{
    int fd;
    int res;
    int memid;
    int read;
    int maxlen = 0x810000;
    int argst[0x2C/4];
    int id;
    int type;
    int code;
    unsigned char *src, *outbuf;
    unsigned int handle, p1, p2, p3, p4;
    res=callKernelFunction(SceSblSsUpdateMgr_0x4C06F41C, size, &src, 0, 0);
    sceClibPrintf("Allocation returned 0x%x addr 0x%x\n", res, (int)src);
    if(res) {
        sceClibPrintf("Cannot allocate memory. (size 0x%x) fail.\n", size);
        return 0;
    }
    //sceClibPrintf("Loading Firmware pkg file from host0:");
    fd= sceIoOpen(inpath, 1, 0);
    read = 0;
    while ((read = sceIoRead(fd, src, size - read)) > 0);
    sceIoClose(fd);
    code = get_type(src);
    switch (code) {
        case -1:
            sceClibPrintf("Not an encrypted file.\n");
            goto ERROR;
        case 3:
        case 4:
        case 0x1B:
            type = 3;
            res=start_decryption3(code, src, size, 9, &handle);
            break;
        case 0:
        case 2:
        case 5:
        case 6:
        case 7:
        case 0xE:
        case 0x1A:
            sceClibPrintf("Warning, code %x is unsupported!\n", code);
        default:
            type = 2;
            res=start_decryption2(code, src, size, 9, &handle);
            break;
    }
    if(res) {
        sceClibPrintf("start_decryption failed. (0x%x)\n", res);
        goto ERROR;
    }
    for(;;) {
        res=check_decryption_status(type, handle, &p1, &p2, &p3, &p4);
        if(res) {
            sceClibPrintf("check_decryption_status failed. (0x%x)\n", res);
            goto ERROR;
        }
        if(p3 == 5) {
            break;
        } else { 
            sceKernelDelayThread(0x7A120);
        } 
    }
    sceClibPrintf("p1= 0x%x p2 = 0x%x p3 = 0x%x p4 = 0x%x\n", p1, p2, p3, p4);
    if(p2 == 0) {
        sceClibPrintf("Starting to write %s\n", outpath);
        fd = sceIoOpen(outpath, 0x603, 0x186);
        read = get_final_size(src);
        while ((read -= sceIoWrite(fd, get_data_offset(src), read)) > 0);
        sceIoClose(fd);
    } else {
        sceClibPrintf("Error decrypting. Writing results to %s\n", errpath);
        fd= sceIoOpen(errpath, 0x603, 0x186);
        read = get_final_size(src);
        while ((read -= sceIoWrite(fd, get_data_offset(src), read)) > 0);
        sceIoClose(fd);
        goto ERROR;
    }

    res=complete_decryption(type, handle, src, maxlen);
    if(res) {
        sceClibPrintf("complete_decryption failed. (0x%x)\n", res);
        goto ERROR;
    }

    res=callKernelFunction(SceSblSsUpdateMgr_0xBD677F5A, src, 0, 0, 0);
    return 1;
ERROR:
    res=callKernelFunction(SceSblSsUpdateMgr_0xBD677F5A, src, 0, 0, 0);
    return 0;
}

void do_decrypt_dir(const char *path)
{
    int fd;
    SceIoDirent dir;
    char input[256];
    char output[256];
    char errput[256];

    if ((fd = sceIoDopen(path)) < 0)
    {
        sceClibPrintf("Error opening pkg dir.\n");
        return;
    }

    while (sceIoDread(fd, &dir) > 0)
    {
        sprintf(input, "%s/%s", path, dir.d_name);
        sprintf(output, "%s/%s.dec", path, dir.d_name);
        sprintf(errput, "%s/%s.err", path, dir.d_name);
        sceClibPrintf("Decrypting %s (size 0x%x)\n", input, (unsigned int)dir.d_stat.st_size);
        if (do_decrypt_file(input, output, errput, (unsigned int)dir.d_stat.st_size))
            sceClibPrintf("Decrypted to %s\n", output);
        else
            sceClibPrintf("Failed to decrypt %s\n", dir.d_name);
    }

    sceIoDclose(fd);
}

Bootloader

There's evidence that the bootloaders are re-encrypted with probably per-console keys during the update process. second_loader.enp and second_loader.enc are transformed into second_loader.enp_ and second_loader.enp respectively by F00D before flashing (and the same thing is done to secure_kernel).

Some useful notes

SceSblSsUpdateMgr exports function with NID 0x6E8DDAC4 that does the bulk of the work decrypting and flashing all the update parts. There appears to be two ways to skip the version checks (but not revokion checks). First is to patch the import from SceQafMgrForDriver function NID 0x8C423C18 (takes no arguments) to return 1. Alternatively, patch Sysroot offset 0x2C+3 and set bit 0x2. This will bypass ALL version checks, including the peripherals which might be dangerous. Update: don't do this, it does brick as expected.

The second way is to patch SceVshBridge export of vshSblAimgrIsCEX (takes no arguments) to return 0. Alternatively patch ScePsp2Swu's import of that function. Update: this doesn't work because the export is used by other functions and fails earlier checks. This flag is set by psp2swu.self to indicate bypassing of version checks on the bootloader and system partitions. All other components will be updated if at higher version. This is what devkits do by default. You can also patch the flags directly. In 0x6E8DDAC4, 0x1A39F6EE, and 0xC1792A1C (in order: flash, dry run, decrypt only) you can patch the flags argument directly and set 0x8 to indicate skipping version check on bootloader and system partitions. The flags argument found in R1 (second argument) as a user memory pointer offset 0x10.