PUP

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PUP (Playstation Update Package) files are update archives for the PS3, PS Vita and PS4.

PUP Structure

A good resource on the PUP structure can be found here.

Update .PKG files

Most of the files in the update PUP are .pkg files, a sort of Certified File.

Each component of the update is broken up into multiple parts, then optionally compressed, and finally encrypted into the PKG.

Package Header

Right after the Certified File header (usually at offset 0x300 or 0x400) is the update package header that provides information for piecing the component back together. The contents of this header is as follows:

Offset Size Description
0x0 0x4 Version. 4 for PS Vita Update Packages.
0x4 0x4 Type
0x8 0x4 Flag
0xC 0x4 Target Hardware Info. For Ernie, Bert, Abby it is KBL Param#Hardware Info, for Grover it is ES revision, for Motion it is some hardware version (6, 7), for Touch it is Touchscreen hardware version (0x800A).
0x10 0x8 Update Version (System Firmware Version or Ernie Update Version). For Bert, Abby, it is 
((battery_HWinfo << 0x10) | battery_FWinfo)
.
0x18 0x8 Final size (decompressed)
0x20 0x8 Decrypted size
0x28 0x4 Flags requirements: 0 normal, 1 QA flag (sceQafMgrIsAllowQAUpdateForDriver) required, 2 manufacturing mode required
0x2C 0x4 Platform: 0 all platforms accepted, 1 Dolce (PSTV), 0x10000000 Test / Tool, 0x20000000 DEX, 0x40000000 CEX
0x30 0x4 Downgrade defender. Always 1 from 1.692. Always 0 below 1.692. Also since 1.692 a check has been added for this member.
0x34 0x4 ?
0x38 0xC ?
0x3C 0x4 ?
0x40 0x8 ?
0x48 0x8 ?
0x50 0x8 Offset
0x58 0x8 Size
0x60 0x8 Chunk No (part index)
0x68 0x8 Total Chunks (total parts)
0x70 0x8 ?
0x78 0x8 ?

Flag

These bitflags indicate which products can install the package.

Flag Description
0x1
0x2
0x4
0x8
0x10
0x20
0x40
0x80
0x100
0x200
0x400
0x800
0x4000
0x8000

Type

The Type is used to identify the component of the update.

Type Description
0x0
0x1 os0 partition
0x2
0x3
0x4 Permissions related to vs0 partition patch update TAR archive (type 0x16)
0x5
0x6
0x7
0x8 Syscon Update (0x9A54 run mode)
0x9 SLB2 bootloaders
0xA vs0 partition
0xB Cp Firmware
0xC Motion Firmware
0xD Bbmc related
0xE
0xF Motion Firmware
0x10 Touch Firmware
0x11 Touch Config
0x12 Bic Firmware (Battery IC) ?for Bert?
0x13 Bic Firmware (Battery IC) ?for Abby?
0x14 Syscon Update (0x3665 run mode)
0x15
0x16 TAR archive, patch update for vs0 partition
0x17 sa0 partition. For Tool Rev 9, "device stores manufacturing image" according to logs.
0x18 pd0 partition
0x19 Syscon Update (0xC5E7 run mode)
0x1A
0x1B PSP Emulator lists

Subroutines

The SPKG Type determines which decryption routine to use in SceSblSsUpdateMgr. There is a truth table to determine which ID can be handled by which decryption function. To see how this table is used, check out the example code for decrypting packages.

Type Func 1? Func 2? Func 3?
0x0 No No No
0x1 Yes Yes No
0x2 No No No
0x3 No No Yes
0x4 No No Yes
0x5 No No No
0x6 No No No
0x7 No No No
0x8 Yes Yes No
0x9 Yes Yes No
0xA Yes Yes Yes
0xB Yes Yes No
0xC Yes Yes No
0xD Yes Yes No
0xE No No No
0xF Yes Yes No
0x10 Yes Yes No
0x11 Yes Yes No
0x12 Yes Yes No
0x13 Yes Yes No
0x14 Yes Yes No
0x15 Yes Yes Yes
0x16 Yes Yes Yes
0x17 Yes Yes Yes
0x18 Yes Yes No
0x19 Yes Yes No
0x1A No No No
0x1B No No Yes

SCEWM

SCEWM is a file embedded in the PUP to serve as a watermark.

PUP Watermark is present since at least FW 0.931.010. It was not present on FW 0.902.000. Nevertheless, on FW 0.931.010 OS the PUP watermark is never verified.

The SCEWM file is composed of 2 parts:

  • SCEWM header: size 0x20 bytes.
  • SCEWM body: size = file_size(usually 0x1000) - header_size(0x20). This part is encrypted.

Header

This is a watermark for PUPs. For development PUPs, the Issue ID is unique to the company/organization the PUP is issued to.

Offset Size Description
0x0 0x6 Magic ('SCEWM\0')
0x6 0x2 ?Version? (ex: 00 01)
0x8 0x4 Unknown (ex: 01 00 00 00)
0xC 0x4 File Size (usually 0x1000)
0x10 0x4 Message length (ex: 0xD9, 0x5A)
0x14 0x4 Unknown (ex: 01 00 00 00)
0x18 0x4 Unknown (ex: 01 00 00 00)
0x1C 0x4 Unknown (ex: 01 00 00 00)

The message length for prototype/retail PUP is almost always 0x5A, see below why.

Body

The body is encrypted using AES128CBC with key and iv from update_service_sm.self.

After decryption, the body is composed of 3 parts:

  • 0x100 bytes: RSA2048 signature of SHA256 of the PUP Header Digest. It is verified with SCEWM RSA public key. The PUP Header is independant of the watermark and so is the RSA signature.
  • 0xDE0 bytes: plaintext ASCII message (unique message per DevNet issue ID or build time).
  • 0x100 bytes: RSA2048 signature of SHA256 of 0xF00 bytes (SCEWM header + decrypted PUP Header Digest signature + decrypted message). It is verified with SCEWM RSA public key.

PUP Header Digest RSA Signature

It is RSA2048 of SHA256 of the PUP Header Digest. It is verified with SCEWM RSA public key.

Message

Default Watermark Message

For PUP not bound to a developer, not downloaded on DevNet, such as prototype and retail PUP, the watermark has a default message.

0.931-3.73: 

desc: default watermark
id: build_team
timestamp: YYYYMMDD_HHmmSS_JST
host: build_machine

DevNet Watermark Message

The message is generated on developer's demand by DevNet server, written to the PUP, then the PUP download starts. The message syntax has changed with DevNet revisions.

The message is totally independant of the PUP. The same PUP (for example PS Vita FW 0.945 PUP) downloaded from DevNet in 2011 and in 2018 has different message syntax.

Here 'x' represents an actual character, which I hide for confidentiality.

Old message (2011-02)
# PUP watermark data that contain DevNet user id, org name, company name, date of PUP downloaded and host IP address
User id:xxxxxx
Org name:xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Company name:xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Date PUP downloaded:YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm
Host IP address:xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
Recent message (2018-04)
# PUP watermark data contain a serial_number that associates with the user who download this PUP
# Provide the serial number below to the DevNet development team to get user and org details.
PUP serial number:xxxxxxxx

SCEWM RSA Signature

It is RSA2048 of SHA256 of 0xF00 bytes: the SCEWM header + the decrypted SCEWM body. It is verified with SCEWM RSA public key.

Security

When comparing the same PUP signed for two different issue IDs, we can notice only 2 differences:

  • sometimes the message length in SCEWM header
  • the SCEWM encrypted unique data: the blocks of the message that differ and the RSA signature of the watermark

SCEAS

This file contains Additional Signature(s) (A.S.) necessary for validation of the PUP.

It was added on FW 0.996, probably for security reasons. This file is missing inside the Prototype DevKit PUP 0.945.040 (and all the pre-0.996 PUPs).

The SCEAS file is composed of 2 parts:

  • SCEAS header: size 0x20 bytes.
  • SCEAS body: size = file_size(usually 0x1000) - header_size(0x20). This part is encrypted.

Header

Offset Size Description
0x0 0x6 Magic ('SCEAS\0')
0x6 0x2 ?Version? (ex: 00 01)
0x8 0x4 Unknown (ex: 01 00 00 00)
0xC 0x4 File Size (usually 0x400)
0x10 0x4 Unknown (ex: 01 00 00 00)
0x14 0x4 Unknown (ex: 01 00 00 00)
0x18 0x4 Unknown (ex: 01 00 00 00)
0x1C 0x4 Certainly padding. (ex: 00 00 00 00)

Body

The body is encrypted using AES128CBC with key and iv from update_service_sm.self.

After decryption, the body is composed of 3 parts:

  • 0x100 bytes: RSA2048 signature of something unknown (to reverse). It is verified with SCEAS RSA public key.
  • 0x1E0 bytes: zeroes, maybe area for more than one signature, or just padding for decryption.
  • 0x100 bytes: RSA2048 signature of SHA256 of ?0x300 bytes (SCEAS header + decrypted unknown signature)?. It is verified with SCEAS RSA public key.
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