NID

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Abbreviation of Numeric Identifier.

Usage

Dynamic linking of modules (by SceKernelModulemgr) is performed based on NIDs of functions/variables instead of names.

For example, a module that needs to import sceDisplayGetFrameBuf will indicate that it needs SceDisplayForDriver:0xEEDA2E54 in its libstub structures.

This solution provides multiple benefits:

  • Names of functions and variables are not included in modules. This reveals much less information to attackers.
  • Lookup inside a NID table is faster.
    • Equality testing is a simple 32-bit comparison instead of a costly strncmp() of length strlen(name).
    • A dichotomic search can be performed in O(log2(n)) if NID tables are sorted.
      • While NID tables appear to be sorted, this optimization is seemingly not used by SCE.

Calculation

By default, NIDs are derived from a symbol's name using the following algorithm:

  1. Compute the SHA-1 hash of the (optionally salted) name: hash = sha1(name + suffix) = ZZ YY XX WW VV UU TT SS RR QQ PP OO NN MM LL KK JJ II HH GG
    • suffix acts as salt and may be a string or raw binary data
    • name + suffix corresponds to concatenation in this context
      • For example, name="sceFunc" and suffix="MySuffix" results in hash = sha1("sceFuncMySuffix")
  2. Truncate the result to 32 bits: tr = truncate32(hash) = 0xZZYYXXWW
  3. Reverse endianness of the truncated result: NID = swap32(tr) = 0xWWXXYYZZ

Notes:

  • For C++ symbols, derivation is performed using the symbol's mangled name.
  • libname_nid is derived using the same suffix as the rest of the library.
    • Since library names are always known, this makes it (in theory) possible to bruteforce the suffix used for NID derivation of any library.
  • The NID of functions and variables can be set to arbitrary values.
    • It is possible to encounter NIDs that do not match the "expected" NID found by deriving using this algorithm.
  • The following online tool can be used for NID calculations.

Suffixless NIDs

Example

sceDisplayGetFrameBuf

sha1("sceDisplayGetFrameBuf") = 54 2E DA EE DA 61 8E 3F 07 9A C7 46 92 24 6D F1 2A A8 F7 C7

Truncate to 32 bits: 0x542EDAEE
Reverse endianness: 0xEEDA2E54

The NID of sceDisplayGetFrameBuf is 0xEEDA2E54.

Known suffixless libraries

Verifying that a library does not use a suffix for NID derivation is trivial: derive a NID based on the library name and check if it matches the libname_nid field of the libent structure of that library.

List of known suffixless libraries
Most PSP libraries before some System Software version around 3.50
SceKblForKernel
ScePowerForDriver
SceDisplayForDriver
SceHpremoteForDriver
SceFt2
SceKernelForMono
SceKernelForVM
SceRtabi

Plaintext Suffix NIDs

Example

The SceIpmi library uses libipmi as suffix.

//N.B. "SceIpmilibipmi" is "SceIpmi" + "libipmi
sha1("SceIpmilibipmi") = DB 4E E3 F4 E9 A8 6C 3F 79 4B 5A 28 CF 26 07 36 14 42 70 B0

Truncate to 32 bits: 0xDB4EE3F4
Reverse endianness: 0xF4E34EDB

NID of the SceIpmi library is 0xF4E34EDB.

For C++ exports, the NID is derived from the mangled name.

//IPMI::Client::Config::estimateClientMemorySize() =mangling=> _ZN4IPMI6Client6Config24estimateClientMemorySizeEv
sha1("_ZN4IPMI6Client6Config24estimateClientMemorySizeEvlibipmi") = 31 5C 25 4E FE AE B4 34 CA B5 9F 43 03 3D 62 BC 11 6F FC AB

Truncate to 32 bits: 0x315C254E
Reverse endianness: 0x4E255C31

The NID of IPMI::Client::Config::estimateClientMemorySize() is 0x4E255C31.

Known plaintext suffixes

Plaintext suffixes follow patterns across some modules.

List of libraries with a known plaintext suffix
Library name Suffix
Library name
SceAvcdecForPlayer SceAvcdecForPlayer
SceAudiodecUser SceAudiodecUser
SceAudioencUser SceAudioencUser
SceCodecEngineUser SceCodecEngineUser
SceJpegUser SceJpegUser
SceJpegEncUser SceJpegEncUser
SceLibMonoBridge SceLibMonoBridge
SceVideodecUser SceVideodecUser
SceVideodecAsyncUser SceVideodecAsyncUser
SceVideodecLowDelayUser SceVideodecLowDelayUser
SceVideodecRecoveryPointUser SceVideodecRecoveryPointUser
SceVideoencUser SceVideoencUser
Library name + User
SceAtrac SceAtracUser
SceG729 SceG729User
SceSas (in SceSasUser module) SceSasUser
Library name without Sce
SceWebUIPlugin WebUIPlugin
SceAppSettings AppSettings
SceBackupRestore BackupRestore
SceDbRecovery DbRecovery
SceLibLocationPermission LibLocationPermission
libXXX
SceLibMtp libmtp
SceIpmi libipmi
lib + Library name
ScePsp2Compat libScePsp2Compat
SceWebKit libSceWebKit
Others
All PS3 libraries except NONAME ones 0xbc5eba9e042504905b64274994d9c41f
All libraries in libpaf.suprx (ScePaf module) PAF
All libraries in libpaf_web_map_view.suprx PAF_WEB_MAP_VIEW
All libraries in paflib.suprx (some SCE downloadable apps like LiveTweet, Flickr) ScePafLib

Binary Suffix NIDs

Used for PS Vita NONAME exports and PS3 named exports.

Example

sha1("module_start" + vita_NONAME_lib_nid_suffix) = 96 D1 5C 93 65 10 32 1C 7D 60 7B 4D FC 06 BC 73 06 3E 25 61

Truncate to 32 bits: 0x96D15C93
Reverse endianness: 0x935CD196

The NID of module_start is 0x935CD196.

Known binary suffixes

// Default suffix for all PS3 NIDs derivations, except NONAME library.
const char PS3_default_nid_suffix[] = {
    0x67, 0x59, 0x65, 0x99, 0x04, 0x25, 0x04, 0x90, 0x56, 0x64, 0x27, 0x49, 0x94, 0x89, 0x74, 0x1a
};

// Suffix for PSP2 NONAME library NIDs derivation.
const char PSP2_NONAME_lib_nid_suffix[] = {
    0xc1, 0xb8, 0x86, 0xaf, 0x5c, 0x31, 0x84, 0x64, 0x67, 0xe7, 0xba, 0x5e, 0x2c, 0xff, 0xd6, 0x4a
};

NID Theory

Function or Variable NID change

Theorem (CelesteBlue): When a function/variable NID changes, its name has been changed or its library NID has been changed or both.

Proof:

When a typo in function/variable name is fixed, the function/variable NID changes as in:

Remarks

  • See article by dots-tb
  • In PS Vita System Software version 0.990, SceSqliteVsh and SceSqlite modules shared the same suffix despite having nothing in common.
  • In PS Vita System Software version 0.990, SceLibMtp ?module? was named libmtp. Later the library name was changed to SceLibMtp, but NID suffix remained the same.
  • JSStringCreateWithUTF8CString -> SHA1 match with javascriptcore_5487D441
  • javascriptcore is also known as libSceJsc.